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KMID : 1190620120080010010
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Journal of the Korean Wound Care Society
2012 Volume.8 No. 1 p.10 ~ p.12
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Extravasation Injury of Contrast Media
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Jung Hyung-Wook
Seo Bo-Mie
Rhie Jong-Won
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Abstract
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The incidence of radiographic contrast medium extravasation has been increasing due to the expanding availability of contrast enhanced imaging. Contrast medium is usually injected into a limited space such as the forearm or hand, and when extravasated, may cause ischemia or even compartment syndrome. The authors present a review of the literature regarding clinical presentation, risk factors, and management of contrast extravasation injuries. A review of the literature through PubMed Central was done using the keywords "extravasation", "contrast media", and "contrast medium". Any unrelated search results, such as anastomosis site extravasation or extravasation during evaluation of gastrointestinal, urogenital organ patency were excluded. The incidence of extravasation during contrast enhanced imaging was approximately 0.45%. The agent selected was usually a nonionic iodinated agent. Injury severity increased in proportion to the volume of leakage and concentration of iodine, and most recovered with conservative care. However, extensive necrosis of tissue and skin as well as acute compartment syndrome was seen when a large volume of contrast medium extravasated. Extravasation of contrast medium usually heals without sequelae. However, in severe cases it may cause skin necrosis, ulceration, or even acute compartment syndrome. Therefore, preventive measures, close observation as well as appropriate intervention is essential.
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KEYWORD
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Extravasation, Contrast media, Contrast medium, Computerized tomography
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